Tech Articles &
Deep Dives
Technical deep-dives on algorithms, system design, networking, and distributed systems — explained from first principles.
Dynamo: Amazon's Highly Available Key-value Store
Amazon's decentralized key-value store — consistent hashing, vector clocks, sloppy quorums, hinted handoff, and gossip.
HTTP/2 Deep Dive
Binary framing, multiplexed streams, HPACK compression, server push, and flow control over one TCP connection.
SSL / TLS Explained
The TLS handshake, TLS 1.3, certificates & CAs, symmetric vs asymmetric encryption, cipher suites, and mTLS.
Time & Space Complexity Analysis
Big-O, recurrences, the Master Theorem, Akra–Bazzi, and amortized analysis — with worked methods.
HTTP/3 Deep Dive
HTTP/3 swaps the transport to QUIC over UDP — no TCP head-of-line blocking, 1-RTT/0-RTT handshakes, and connection migration.
Netflix Hollow — Deep Dive
How Netflix Hollow replicates a read-only, in-memory dataset from one producer to many consumers — snapshots, deltas, and ordinal-based columnar storage.
Cassandra Storage Engine Internals
Why Cassandra uses LSM trees instead of B-trees — memtables, SSTables, the commit log, compaction, bloom filters, and the read/write paths.
How Discord Stores Trillions of Messages
How Discord moved from Cassandra to ScyllaDB to store trillions of messages — GC pain, hot partitions, and a shard-per-core C++ rewrite.
How Discord Stores Billions of Messages
How Discord scaled message storage to billions on Cassandra — data modeling, partitioning by bucket, and the operational lessons learned.
Consistency in Cassandra
Tunable consistency in Cassandra — quorums, R + W > N, read repair, and consistency levels for different correctness needs.
HTTP/1 Deep Dive
HTTP fundamentals, the TCP relationship, keep-alive, pipelining, HOL blocking, domain sharding, and protocol overhead.
Data Flow in TCP
TCP flow control, slow-start, congestion avoidance, the bandwidth-delay product, connection reuse, and performance optimization.
Building Blocks of TCP
OSI model, TCP/IP layers, TCP properties, 3-way & 4-way handshakes, keepalive, SYN flood & mitigation, and TCP vs UDP.
SSL / TLS Explained
HTTP vs HTTPS, the TLS handshake, TLS 1.3, certificates & CAs, symmetric vs asymmetric encryption, cipher suites, mTLS, and best practices.
Time & Space Complexity Analysis
Asymptotic analysis, Big-O, recurrences, the Master Theorem, Akra–Bazzi, and amortized analysis — with worked methods.
HTTP/2 Deep Dive
Binary frames, multiplexed streams, HPACK compression, server push, and flow control over a single TCP connection.
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In-depth breakdowns of the systems and algorithms I work with — explore the full collection, or connect with me.